Multidimensional arrays are arrays that have more than one dimension. For example, a simple array is a 1-D array, a matrix is a 2-D array, and a cube or cuboid is a 3-D array but how to visualize arrays with more than 3 dimensions, and how to iterate over elements of these arrays? It is simple, just think of any multidimensional array as a collection of arrays of lower dimensions.
n-D array = Collection of (n-1)D arrays
For example, a matrix or 2-D array is a collection of 1-D arrays.
2D Array is a collection of 1D Arrays
Similarly, you can visualize 3-D arrays and other multidimensional arrays.
How to iterate over elements of a Multidimensional array?
It can be observed that only a 1-D array contains elements and a multidimensional array contains smaller dimension arrays.
- Hence first iterate over the smaller dimension array and iterate over the 1-D array inside it.
- Doing this for the whole multidimensional array will iterate over all elements of the multidimensional array.
Example 1: Iterating over a 2-D array
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n = 3;
int m = 3;
int arr[][3]
= { { 3, 2, 7 }, { 2, 6, 8 }, { 5, 1, 9 } };
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.io.*;
class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n = 3;
int m = 3;
int[][] arr
= { { 3, 2, 7 }, { 2, 6, 8 }, { 5, 1, 9 } };
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
|
Python3
if __name__ == "__main__":
n = 3
m = 3
arr = [[3, 2, 7], [2, 6, 8], [5, 1, 9]]
for i in range(0, n):
for j in range(0, m):
print(arr[i][j], end=" ")
print()
|
C#
using System;
public class GFG{
static public void Main (){
int n = 3;
int m = 3;
int [ , ] arr = { { 3, 2, 7 }, { 2, 6, 8 }, { 5, 1, 9 } };
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
Console.Write(arr[i,j]);
Console.Write(" ");
}
Console.Write("\n");
}
}
}
|
Javascript
<script>
let n = 3;
let m = 3;
let arr
= [[ 3, 2, 7 ], [ 2, 6, 8 ], [ 5, 1, 9 ] ];
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
document.write(arr[i][j] + " ");
}
document.write("<br>");
}
</script>
|
Time Complexity: O(n*m)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Example 2: Iterating over a 3D array
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = 2, y = 2, z = 2;
int arr[][3][2] = { { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } },
{ { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } } };
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
cout << "Inside " << i + 1
<< " 2D array in 3-D array" << endl;
for (int j = 0; j < y; j++) {
cout << "Inside " << j + 1
<< " 1D array of the 2-D array" << endl;
for (int k = 0; k < z; k++) {
cout << arr[i][j][k] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.io.*;
class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int x = 2, y = 2, z = 2;
int[][][] arr = { { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } },
{ { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } } };
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
System.out.println("Inside " + (i + 1)
+ " 2D array in 3D array");
for (int j = 0; j < y; j++) {
System.out.println(
"Inside" + (j + 1)
+ " 1D array of the 2D array");
for (int k = 0; k < z; k++) {
System.out.print(arr[i][j][k] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
|
Python3
x = 2
y = 2
z = 2
arr = [ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ],[ [ 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8 ] ] ]
for i in range(0,x):
print("Inside " + str(i + 1) + " 2D array in 3-D array")
for j in range(0,x):
print("Inside " + str(j + 1) + " 1D array of the 2-D array")
for k in range(0,x):
print(arr[i][j][k],end=" ")
print("")
print("")
|
C#
using System;
public class GFG {
static public void Main()
{
int x = 2, y = 2, z = 2;
int[, , ] arr
= new int[2, 2, 2] { { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } },
{ { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } } };
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
Console.Write("Inside " + (i + 1)
+ " 2D array in 3D array"
+ "\n");
for (int j = 0; j < y; j++) {
Console.Write("Inside" + (j + 1)
+ " 1D array of the 2D array"
+ "\n");
for (int k = 0; k < z; k++) {
Console.Write(arr[i, j, k] + " ");
}
Console.Write("\n");
}
Console.Write("\n");
}
}
}
|
Javascript
<script>
let x = 2;
let y = 2;
let z = 2;
let arr = [ [ [1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ],
[ [ 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8 ] ] ];
for (let i = 0; i < x; i++) {
document.write( "Inside " + (i + 1)
+ " 2D array in 3-D array" );
document.write("<br>");
for (let j = 0; j < y; j++) {
document.write( "Inside " + (j + 1)
+" 1D array of the 2-D array" );
document.write("<br>");
for (let k = 0; k < z; k++) {
document.write( arr[i][j][k] + " ");
}
document.write("<br>");
}
document.write("<br>");
}
</script>
|
Output
Inside 1 2D array in 3-D array
Inside 1 1D array of the 2-D array
1 2
Inside 2 1D array of the 2-D array
3 4
Inside 2 2D array in 3-D array
Inside 1 1D array of the 2-D array
5 6
Inside 2 1D array of the 2-D array
7 8
Time Complexity: O(x*y*z)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
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